Present perfect tense: Definition, structure & examples

If a work has just ended, but its result is still present, then it is called Present Perfect Tense.

That is, the present perfect tense of the verb means that any work of the past has started and is still going on in the present time.

Ways to recognize in Bengali: At the end of Bengali verbs, there may be yach, yachi, yache, yachen, yech, yechi, yeche, yechen etc.

How to recognize in English: Just, Just now, Already, Recently, Lately, yet, ever, never etc.

Formula and structure of present perfect tense

Positive froms (+):  

1. Subject + have + V ³ (Past participle of the original verb) + extension.
2. Subject + has + V ³ (Past participle of the original verb) + extension.

Negative froms (-):

1. Subject + have + not + V ³ (Past participle of the original verb) + extension.
2. Subject + has + not + V ³ (Past participle of the original verb) + extension.

Question froms (?):

1. Have + Subject + V ³ (Past participle of the original verb) + extension.
2. Has + Subject + V ³ (Past participle of the original verb) + extension.

Short answer froms (?):

1. Yes + subject + have / has.
2. No + subject + have / has + not.

Examples of present perfect tense

Positive froms (+):  

1. I have finished the work.
2. She has written the letter.
3. He has gone to Italy.
4. I have already sent it.
5. I have already prepared myself.
6. My brother has cleaned the table.
7. They have solved 50 questions so far.
8. My sister has cooked the breakfast.
9. He has already gone.
10. She has gone to college.
11. She has lost his key.
12. He has already eaten five mangoes.
13. I have lived in Bangladesh for 21 years.
14. She has already made the tea.
15. I have saved $200 up until now.
16. I have just had lunch.

Negative froms (-):

Examples:

1. I have not eaten fish.
2. He has not sent it yet.
3. He has not prepared lunch yet.
4. Yefad hasn’t played a full game yet.
5. She hasn’t seen her before.
6. My sister hasn’t cooked the lunch yet.
7. I haven’t saved any money until now.
8. He hasn’t lived in Australia.
9. We haven’t seen the movie.
10. They haven’t noticed anything.
11. I haven’t been to London.
12. We haven’t had any problems.
13. They haven’t seen each other for a long time.
14. I haven’t seen Yefad this morning.
15. Yefad hasn’t studied very hard this term.

Question froms (?):

Examples:

1. Haven’t you done the work?
2. Have you seen it?
3. Have you just arrived?
4. Has it stopped raining yet?
5. Have you travelled a lot, June?
6. Have you ever been to China?
7. Have you ever eaten caviar?
8. Has he read Hamlet?
9. Have you heard from Brian recently?
10. Have you had a holiday this month?
11. Has he ever ridden a horse?
12. Have they solved 50 questions so far?
13. Has he watched this movie?
14. Has she made the tea?
15. Has she cleaned the table?

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Read more: Exercise of past perfect tense

• What is the past tense of check?